Future employers may screen applicants using brain-monitoring technology, according to the data watchdog.
But if the technology is not developed and used properly, there is a real risk of discrimination, according to the Information Commissioner's Office.
First ICO report on "neurodata," or information from the brain and nervous system.
It occurs as organizations like Elon Musk's Neuralink look into new techniques for connecting computers to human brains.
According to all the indicators that we're looking at, Stephen Almond of the ICO told BBC News that both investments and the number of patents being developed in this field are growing quite quickly.
According to the ICO, neurotech is already utilized in the highly regulated healthcare industry.
Gert-Jan Oskam, who was paralyzed in a cycling accident 12 years ago, was able to walk once more thanks to electronic implants in his brain.
Additionally, the technology is gaining more commercial interest.
Neuralink, which is still far from having a marketable product, is reportedly now worth $5 billion (£4 billion) after receiving approval for human trials of its implantable brain-computer interface.
With research projects now able to decipher sentences and words just from brain scans, artificial intelligence is also opening up new opportunities. In the long run, this might benefit patients with locked-in syndrome, who are conscious but unable to move or communicate.
The report, however, focuses on potential future technologies and examines the problems brought up by neurodata using these technologies as fictitious examples.
The ICO predicts that in four to five years, "the workplace may routinely deploy neurotechnology for safety, productivity, and recruitment as employee tracking expands.".
Helmets or other safety gear may be used to gauge a worker's focus and attention in hazardous conditions.
And according to Mr. Almond, managers could use it to gauge how employees handled stress at work.
Wearable brain monitoring technology may eventually be used in schools to gauge students' stress and concentration levels.
There is a great deal of discussion surrounding "neuromarketing," which is already used in small, controlled research settings to assess how consumers react to products using brain activity monitors.
According to the ICO, non-invasive devices that can read responses could one day be used at home to tailor consumer preferences.
In one admittedly fantastical example, the report imagines a time when neurotechnology-enabled headphones might collect information used for advertising targeting.
Additionally, gaming and entertainment are expanding; some games and drones are already managed by brain-reading devices.
The ICO is concerned that, if not developed carefully, the technology might lead to discrimination.
When analyzing particular groups, the technology itself might be biased and provide false results, according to Mr. Almond.
Bosses ran the risk of using it as a tool of prejudice against "certain types of more neurodivergent characteristics," though.
It might reveal issues that the subject wasn't even aware of.
Moreover, it posed complex issues with regard to consent. According to the report, people have no direct control over the specific information that is disclosed because neurodata is generated subconsciously.
Can you really consent in advance to the processing of your personal data if you don't know what the technology will reveal about you? asked Mr. Almond. "Because once it's out in the open, your ability to control it is significantly reduced. ".
New neurodata guidance should be finished by 2025, according to the ICO.
